Essential Red Maple Tree Information

The red maple (Acer rubrum) is one of the most common, and popular, deciduous trees in much of the eastern and central U.S. It has a pleasing oval shape and is a fast grower with stronger wood than most of the so-called soft maples. Some cultivars reach heights of 75 feet, but most are a very manageable 35 to 45 ft. tall shade tree that works well in most situations.  Unless irrigated or on a wet site, a red maple is best used north of USDA hardiness zone 9;  the species is often much shorter in the southern part of its range, unless it is growing next to a stream or on a wet site.   Landscape Uses Arborists recommend this tree over the silver maple and other soft maple species when a fast growing maple is  needed because it  is a relatively tidy, well-shaped tree with a root system that stays within its boundaries and limbs that do not have the brittleness of other soft maples. When planting the species  Acer rubrum, make sure it has been grown from local seed sources, as these cultivars will be adapted to local conditions. The outstanding ornamental characteristic of the red maple is its red, orange or yellow  fall color  (sometimes on the same tree) lasting several weeks. Red maple is often one of the first trees to color up in autumn, and it puts on one of the most brilliant displays of any tree. Still, trees vary greatly in fall color and intensity. Species cultivars are more uniformly colored than the native species.   The newly emerging leaves and red flowers and fruits signal that spring has come. They appear in December and January in Florida, later in the northern part of its range. The seeds of red maple are quite popular with squirrels and birds. This tree is sometimes confused with red-leaved cultivars of  Norway Maple. Tips for Planting and Maintaining The tree grows best in wet locations and has no other particular soil preference, although it may grow less  vigorously  in alkaline soils, where chlorosis may also develop.  It is well-suited as a street tree in northern and mid-south climates in residential and other suburban areas, but the bark is thin and easily damaged by mowers. Irrigation is often needed to support street tree plantings in well-drained soil in the south. Roots can raise sidewalks in the same manner as silver maple, but because the red maple has a less aggressive root system, it makes a good street tree.  Surface roots  beneath the canopy can make mowing difficult. Red Maple  is easily  transplanted and is quick to develop surface roots in soils ranging from  well-drained  sand to clay. It is not especially drought tolerant, particularly in the southern part of the range, but selected individual trees can be found growing on dry sites. This trait shows the wide range of genetic diversity in the species. Branches often grow upright through the crown, forming poor attachments to the trunk. These should be removed in the nursery or after planting in the landscape to help prevent branch failure in older trees during storms. Selectively  prune  trees to retain branches that have a wide angle from the trunk, and eliminate branches that threaten to grow larger than half the diameter of the trunk.   Recommended Cultivars In the northern and southern end of the range, make sure to consult with local experts to choose cultivars of red maple that are well adapted to your region. Some of the most popular cultivars are as follows:   Armstrong:  A 50-ft.  tall  tree with an upright growth habit, almost columnar in shape. Its canopy is 15 to 25 ft. wide.  It is somewhat prone to splitting branches due to tight crotches. Glossy leaves turn a bright shade of red in fall. Appropriate for zones 4 through 9.  Autumn Flame:  A 45-ft. tall cultivar with a round shape and above-average fall color. Canopy is 25 to 40 ft. wide. Appropriate for zones 4 through 8.  Bowhall:  Roughly 35 ft. tall when mature, this cultivar has upright growth habit with a canopy 15 to 25 ft. wide. It grows best in acidic soil and is appropriate in zones 4  through  8. This is a cultivar that works well as a bonsai specimen.  Gerling:  About 35 ft. tall when mature, this densely branched tree has a broad pyramidal shape. Canopy is 25 to 35 ft. wide. Appropriate for zones 4 through 8.  October Glory:  This cultivar grows 40 to 50 ft. tall with a canopy that is 24to 35 ft. wide. It has above-average fall color and grows well in zones 4 through 8. This is another cultivar that can be used as a bonsai.Red Sunset:  This 50-ft.-tall  tree  is a good choice in the South.  It has a brilliant red color, with a canopy 25 to 35 ft. wide. This tree can be grown zones 3 through 9.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœScanlon’:  This is a variation of Bowhall, growing 40 to 50 ft. in height with a canopy 15 to 25 ft. across. Turns bright orange or red in fall, and grows well in zones 3 through 9.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœSchlesinger’:  A very large cultivar, rapidly growing to 70 ft. with a spread as much as 60 ft. Beautiful red to purple-red fall foliage that holds its color for as much as a month. It  grows in  zones 3 through 9.  Ã¢â‚¬ËœTilford’:  A globe-shaped cultivar that grows up to 40 ft. in height and width. Varieties are available for zones 3 through 9. The  variety of  drummondii  is ideal for zone 8. Technical Details Scientific name: Acer rubrum (pronounced AY-ser Roo-brum).Common name(s): Red Maple, Swamp Maple.Family: Aceraceae.USDA hardiness zones: 4 through 9.Origin:  Native to North America.Uses: An ornamental tree usually planted lawns for its shade and colorful fall foliage;  recommended for buffer strips around parking lots or for median strip plantings in the highway; residential street tree; sometimes used as bonsai species.   Description Height: 35 to 75 feet.Spread: 15 to 40 feet.Crown uniformity: Irregular outline or silhouette.Crown shape: Varied from round to upright.Crown density: Moderate.Growth rate:  Fast.Texture: Medium. Foliage Leaf arrangement: Opposite/subopposite.Leaf type: Simple.Leaf margin:  Lobed; incised; serrate.Leaf shape:  Ovate.Leaf venation: Palmate.Leaf type and persistence:  Deciduous.Leaf blade length: 2 to 4 inches.Leaf color: Green.Fall color: orange; red; yellow.​Fall characteristic: showy. Culture Light requirement: Part shade to full sun.Soil tolerances:  Clay; loam; sand; acidic.Drought tolerance:  Moderate.Aerosol salt tolerance:  Low.Soil salt tolerance:  Poor. Pruning Most red maples, if in good health and free to grow, need very little pruning, other than training to select a leading shoot that establishes the trees framework.   Maples should not be pruned in spring when they will bleed profusely. Wait to prune until late summer to early autumn and only on young trees. Red maple is a large grower and needs at least 10 to 15 feet of clear trunk below the bottom branches when mature.

Pharmaceutical Companies, The Drug Industry, And The...

Pharmaceutical companies, the alcohol industry, and the government want to kill me -- okay no need to break out the tin foil just yet. I know that pharmaceutical companies, alcohol industry, and the government did not look down a list of names and pick me out. However, me and many patients like me are suffering from the negative side effects of prescription drugs that could be substituted out with medical marijuana, are being directly harmed by the fight by alcohol producers to obstruct laws, and politicians who refuse to listen to the most fragile among their populous. Pharmaceutical companies are actively lobbying against legalization, and decriminalization of marijuana/cannabis, the alcohol industry tries to divert the critical eye on†¦show more content†¦But the harshest effect was on the ability of the medical profession to prescribe, test, or research marijuana to further bolster its position of the medical uses, and viability of marijuana as a treatment option. This blockade coupled with a massive smear campaign on marijuana itself solidified the demonization of it in the public and political eye (Faupel, Charles E, et al 2014: 53-54). The alcohol industry would rather the public use their drugs, than allow marijuana to be legalized, thus impacting their sales with the public. They publicly remain reserved, yet speak on the concerns the new industry could pose that they, as having already fielded the minefield of prohibition, are well versed, and how to regulate marijuana. They state the key concern is drugged driving yet studies have shown a decrease in traffic fatalities in the states that have already legalized marijuana. (Santaella-Tenorio, et al., 2017). The alcohol industry would rather spend more time pointing fingers at regulating marijuana, and potential drugged driving issues, than to look at their own negative impact on society in terms of health, criminal, and driving accidents and deaths. By trying to feed into the narrative of marijuana has no valid use in society; they hope to take the focus off their blaring impact – addiction, traffic fatalities, and health issues. Even with political, even presidential, smearShow MoreRelatedParkin Laboratories : Sales Force Effectiveness Essay1004 Words   |  5 PagesParkin Laboratories (Parkin), an innovative generic pharmaceutical company, whose main core business foundation was built and based on selling large volume of low-priced medicines to take advantage of both affordability and popularity. In 2013, with the arrival of new government policy regarding the pricing scheme for the pharmaceutical products, none of the pharmaceutical laboratories would sell their products above the ceiling set by government in terms of pharmacy product prices. Now they needRead MoreJournals Should Stop Publishing Papers Backed By Pharmaceutical1428 Words   |  6 PagesJournals should stop publishing papers backed by pharmaceutical companies. 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A religious ethical standard would mean not to falsely proclaim that a drug does somethingRead MoreThe Glbal Phamaceutical Industry1609 Words   |  7 Pages : 19852274 Assignment Title : The Global Pharmaceutical Industry. Date : 10 March 2012 Programme : BTECH-MANAGEMENT IV Question 1 Identify the main environmental forces currently affecting the global pharmaceutical industry? PESTEL analysis of the global pharmaceutical industry: Political * Governments set stringent regulation and is a powerful purchaser. * Governments around the world focus on pharmaceuticals as a politically easy target in their efforts to control

The Killer Angels free essay sample

In The Killer Angels, one of the ideas and themes that Michael Shaara expresses is that no matter how loyal you are to the cause of what you’re fighting for and the war that you are struggling through, you always have a much more stronger loyalistic feeling and connection toward the people that you love the most. An example of this is when Chamberlain uses his brother, Tom, to plug a gap in the brigade line during a particular moment of battle. After subconsciously putting his brother’s life in danger, Chamberlain, in the period of time in which the rest of the book covers, cannot believe he did such a thing and continuously reprimands himself for it. Here shows that he valued his brother’s life more than performing well in the war because it bothered him that he had risked his brother for the battle. He would not have cared if he had wanted the war over his own flesh and blood. We will write a custom essay sample on The Killer Angels or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, many times throughout, a plentiful amount of the officers on both sides are found reminiscing about their families, sometimes in the wake of a battle. As seen in the particular fight wherein Chamberlain goes to sleep, remembering a word that his wife had wrote in a letter to him. Another point that Shaara points out in his book is that there were differentiating views between the Union and the rebels on the cause of the war. The Union thought it was about slavery whereas the people from the south were fighting for their rights. I found that I felt a strong agreement with Shaara on one particular opinion that he makes clear. Shaara asserts that the war would not have ended in defeat for the Confederacy if Robert E. Lee had listened to James Longstreet. Longstreet repeatedly suggests to Lee to move the troops around to the right and loop back behind the Union army to cut them off from Washington and attack from there. Lee refuses, turning down Longstreet each time. He will not listen to reason. Thinking that his way is the only way and no one knows better than him, Lee decides to make a full-frontal attack on the Union forces. Lee thinks that marching forward out in the open across a vast field heading straight into the frontward direction of the Union army will work. Longstreet points out that Union artillery will surely destroy most of the rebel troops before they even make it to where the Union lines are, and that when they do get there, there won’t be enough men left to put up a hardy enough fight to possibly win. He strongly feels that the Confederacy should move to the right since there was room in the west to get around them and attack them from behind. Apparently, Lee denies his theory. As I was reading, I was very satisfied with Shaara’s portrayal of the Union views of slavery: Chamberlain’s encounter with the black man. When Chamberlain’s soldiers discovered a sleeping black man and Chamberlain went to see him, he treated the man with the same respect as he gave his own men. Here you can tell that the people in the north viewed slavery as unnecessary because they did not treat black people as slaves but as equals.

Essay about Zoology Example For Students

Essay about Zoology The study of zoology can be viewed as a series of efforts to analyse and classify animals. Attempts at classification as early as 400 BC are known from documents in the Hippocratic Collection. Aristotle, however, was the first to devise a system of classifying animals that recognized a basic unity of plan among diverse organisms; he arranged groups of animals according to mode of reproduction and habitat. Observing the development of such animals as the dogfish, chick, and octopus, he noted that general structures appear before specialized ones, and he also distinguished between asexual and sexual reproduction. His Historia Animalium contains accurate descriptions of extant animals of Greece and Asia Minor. He was also interested in form and structure and concluded that different animals can have similar embryological origins and that different structures can have similar functions. In Roman times Pliny the Elder compiled four volumes on zoology in his 37-volume treatise called Historia Naturalis. Although widely read during the Middle Ages, they are little more than a collection of folklore, myth, and superstition. One of the more influential figures in the history of physiology, the Greek physician Galen, dissected farm animals, monkeys, and other mammals and described many features accurately, although some were wrongly applied to the human body. His misconceptions, especially with regard to the movement of blood, remained virtually unchanged for hundreds of years. In the 17th century, the English doctor William Harvey established the true mechanism of blood circulation. Until the Middle Ages, zoology was a conglomeration of folklore, superstition, misconception, and descriptions of animals, but during the 12th century it began to emerge as a science. Perhaps the most important naturalist of the era was the German scholar St Albertus Magnus, who denied many of the superstitions associated with biology and reintroduced the work of Aristotle. The anatomical studies of Leonardo da Vinci were far in advance of the age. His dissections and comparisons of the structure of humans and other animals led him to important conclusions. He noted, for example, that the arrangement of joints and bones in the leg are similar in both horses and humans, thus grasping the concept of homology (the similarity of corresponding parts in different kinds of animals, suggesting a common grouping). The value of his work in anatomy was not recognized in his time. Instead, the Belgian doctor Andreas Vesalius is considered the father of anatomy; he circulated his writings and established the principles of comparative anatomy. Classification dominated zoology throughout most of the 17th and 18th centuries. The Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus developed a system of nomenclature and classification that is still used today—the binomial system of genus and species—and established taxonomy as a discipline. He followed the work of the English naturalist John Ray in relying upon the form of teeth and toes to differentiate mammals and upon beak shape to classify birds. Another leading systematist of this era was the French biologist Comte Georges Leclerc de Buffon. The study of comparative anatomy was extended by such men as Georges Cuvier, who devised a systematic organization of animals based on specimens sent to him from all over the world. Although the word cell was introduced in the 17th century by the English scientist Robert Hooke, it was not until 1839 that two Germans, Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, proved that the cell is the common structural unit of living things. The cell concept provided impetus for progress in embryology, founded by the Russian scientist Karl von Baer, and for the development by a Frenchman, Claude Bernard, of the study of animal physiology, including the concept of homeostasis (the stability of the bodys internal environment). .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350 , .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350 .postImageUrl , .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350 , .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350:hover , .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350:visited , .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350:active { border:0!important; } .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350:active , .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350 .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u461b7c53b8c08946de77f6d965161350:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on The Path I'll Take: ZoologyThe organization of scientific expeditions in the 18th and 19th centuries gave trained observers the opportunity to study plant and animal life throughout the world. The most famous expedition was the voyage of the Beagle in the early 1830s. During this voyage, Charles Darwin observed the plant and animal life of South America and Australia and developed his theory of evolution by natural selection. Although Darwin recognized the importance of heredity in understanding the evolutionary process, he was unaware of the work of a contemporary, the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel, who first formulated the concept of particulate hereditary factors—later called genes. Mendels work remained obscure until 1900. Current Studies: In the 20th century zoology has become more diversified and less confined to such traditional concerns as classification and anatomy. Broadening its range to include such studies as genetics, ecology, and biochemistry, zoology has become an interdisciplinary field applying a great variety of techniques to obtain knowledge of the animal kingdom. The current study of zoology has two main focuses: on particular taxonomic groups, and on the structures and processes common to most of them. Taxonomically oriented studies concentrate on the different divisions of animal life. Invertebrate zoology deals with multicellular animals without backbones; its subdivisions include entomology (the study of insects) and malacology (the study of molluscs). Vertebrate zoology, the study of animals with backbones, is divided into ichthyology (fish), herpetology (amphibians and reptiles), ornithology (birds), and mammalogy (mammals). Palaeontology, the study of fossils, is subdivided by taxonomic groups. In each of these fields, researchers investigate the classification, distribution, life cycle, and evolutionary history of the particular animal or group of animals under study. Most zoologists are also specialists in one or more of the process-oriented disciplines described below. Morphology, the study of structure, includes gross morphology, which examines entire structures or systems, such as muscles or bones; histology, which examines body tissues; and cytology, which focuses on cells and their components. Many great advances made in cytology in recent years are attributable to the electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope. Special staining techniques and radioactive isotopic tracers have been used to differentiate structural detail at the molecular level. Methods have been developed for mapping neural connections between parts of the brain and for stimulating and recording impulses from specific brain sites and even individual nerve cells. Physiology, the study of function, is closely associated with morphology. An important subdivision is cellular physiology, which is closely related to molecular biology. Another active field, physiological ecology, studies the physical responses of animals to their environment. Much of this work has been carried out on desert, arctic, and ocean animals that must survive extremes of temperature or pressure. Animal behavioural studies developed along two lines. The first of these, animal psychology, is primarily concerned with physiological psychology and has traditionally concentrated on laboratory techniques such as conditioning. The second, ethology, had its origins in observations of animals under natural conditions, concentrating on courtship, flocking, and other social contacts. Both subdisciplines have recently merged in large areas of investigation, the same scientists using field and laboratory observations and incorporating many experimental techniques from neurology. Perhaps the most important recent development in the field is the concentration on sociobiology, which is concerned with the behaviour, ecology, and evolution of social animals such as bees, ants, schooling fish, flocking birds, and humans. Sociobiology is still in its infancy and is quite controversial, chiefly because it has raised anew the old dispute about whether behaviour is genetically determined. Embryology, the study of the development of individual animals, has investigated the way in which developing parts interact—for example, the interactions between the eyestalk and the epidermis during development of the lens of the eye. The emerging field of molecular development applies the techniques of molecular biology, including molecular genetics, to the finest and most obscure embryological details. .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b , .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b .postImageUrl , .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b , .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b:hover , .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b:visited , .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b:active { border:0!important; } .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b:active , .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf0d80b2bf0edbcbe854bf9b44a06a39b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Role of Husbandry in The Health and Well-being of Exotic Animals in CaptivityThe study of the interactions between animals and their environment is known as ecology. Primary attention is given to the complex pattern of interactions among the many species constituting a community. Ecology has been central to the development of conservation and environmental control during the past 20 years. It has revealed the deleterious effects of pesticides and industrial pollutants and has provided important insights into wiser management of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. Evolutionary zoology, which draws on all of the fields just mentioned, is concerned with the mechanisms of evolutionary change—speciation and adaptation—and with the evolutionary history of animal groups. Particularly relevant to evolutionary studies are systematics, phylogenetics, palaeontology, and zoogeography. Systematics deals with the delineation and description of animal species and with their arrangement into a classification. Phylogenetics is the study of the developmental history of groups of animals. Zoogeography, the study of the distribution of animals over the Earth, is closely related to ecology and systematics.